Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78)

A. S. Jasrotia ¹, Rajinder Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 P.G. Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 006, IN

Abstract

Hydrochemistry and groundwater quality around Devak-Rui watersheds generate the baseline information of groundwater resources in developing rural as well as urban area of Jammu region. Hydrochemistry around Devak and Rui watershed areas is dominated by alkaline earths and weak acids. Hence the groundwater of the study area is calcium bicarbonate type. Total concentration of all major ions in groundwater increases post-Monsoon in comparison to that of pre-Monsoon. The groundwater is of calcium-Sodium, calcium-Magnesium and bicarbonate-Chloride-Sulphate, chloride-Sulphate-Bicarbonate facies in the pre-Monsoon period, which slightly change into calcium magnesium and chloride-Sulphate-Bicarbonate facies. Groundwater of the study area is classified as "fresh water", "normal chloride", "normal sulphate", and "under carbonate to normal carbonate" water and is moderately hard to very hard. To ascertain the suitability of groundwater for drinking and public health purposes, hydrochemical parameters of the study area are compared. Based on analysis certain parameters like electrical conductivity, salinity hazard, sodium percent, sodium absorption ratio, residual sodium concentration, integrated SAR and EC, permeability index have been calculated for irrigation water quality. The interpretation on the basis of available data shown that the groundwater of study area is suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes.

Keywords

Hydrochemistry, Classification, Groundwater Quality, Devak and Rui Watersheds, Jammu & Kashmir.

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Rajinder Singh ¹, G. M. Bhat ¹

Affiliations
1 PG. Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu -180006, IN

Abstract

Early Carboniferous sequence of Kashmir represents a mixed siliciclastic - carbonate strata, where the lower part is dominated by carbonates and the upper part is rich in siliciclastic rocks. Siliciclastic sediments are mainly arenite, siltstone and claystone. Coarse grain size and bimodality of arenites suggest a high energy environment in the onshore region. Lithofacies and microfacies analyses of the carbonates reveal that they are deposited as turbidite either in the deeper part of the shelf or in the distal part of shelf/slope. Some of the carbonate facies, reflecting shallower microfacies, is deposited on the platform in subtidal and intertidal (peritidal) zone.

The increase of siliciclastic material in the depositional basin indicates progradational phase of sedimentation which in turn suggests the lowering of sea level. These deposits represent peritidal (intertidal to subtidal) lithofacies. In fact, there has been retrogradational and progradational phases of sedimentation in the Tethyan basin of Kashmir, but the frequency of siliciclastics increases from middle to top of the Syringothyris Limestone. This feature'suggests the overall shallowing of the basin, but intermittent deposition of carbonates reveals the periodic transgression or subsidence of the depositional basin.

Keywords

Syringothyris Limestone, Microfacies, Turbidite, Depositional Basin, Kashmir Himalaya.

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G. M. Bhat ¹, Rajinder Singh ¹, S. K. Pandita ¹

Affiliations
1 Geology Dept., University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 004, IN

Abstract

This work, based on sedimentological data collected from two stratigraphic sections at Lambar and Malvat (Banihal area), reports the turbidite to storm influenced sedimentation of "Syringothyris Limestone" sequence, Kashmir Himalaya. An upward progresssion of the sequence reflects the depositional record of fine grained turbidite to storm - and wave - influenced sedimentation. Sedimentary structures like short wave length symmetrical ripples. flat lamination, thin graded bedding and structures in muddy siltstones suggest deposition in low energy, wave influenced settings, The storm influenced sediments display hummocky, cross stratification. skolithos ichinofacies, granule/shelly lags, mega ripples, low angle cross lamination and convolute lamination. The whole sequence is interpreted to represent episodic storm influenced sedimentation in a shallow basin, largely controlled by tectonic activity, The Markov Chain models structured for this sequence also suggest episodic sedimentation and do not show any cyclicity,

Keywords

Sedimentology, Syringothyris Limestone, Turbidites, Carboniferous, Kashmir Himalaya.

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